Citing electronic correspondence in academic writing requires specific formatting. The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association offers guidance on presenting these communications. When incorporated into a text, personal communication such as email should be acknowledged. For example, one might write, “(A. Smith, personal communication, January 15, 2023).” This attribution appears parenthetically within the body of the paper where the information is presented.
Attributing sources correctly maintains academic integrity and gives appropriate credit. Failure to cite can lead to accusations of plagiarism. Properly acknowledging the origin of ideas, data, or perspectives strengthens the credibility of a paper. This form of citation also recognizes the time and effort involved in the creation and exchange of information, even in informal digital formats. The guidance on citing this type of communication has evolved to reflect changes in how people exchange information.